Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Essay Example for Free

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Essay Envision being not ready to move your muscles unreservedly regular, and that procedure needs to facilitate between the cerebrum and the spinal string to advise the muscles to move. Nonetheless, when this coordination is tested and can not pass on signals, the outcomes are no muscle development. From the outset, muscles in the hands, arms, and legs feel feeble. The hands and feet jerk. Talking and inevitably breathing become troublesome, and loss of motion happens in the last stages, despite the fact that reasoning and other psychological capacities stay flawless. Demise as a rule happens inside five years of the beginning of indications. This uncommon, dynamic issue is otherwise called Lou Gehrig’s malady, after an acclaimed baseball player whose life was stopped by it. What is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? These days, an ever increasing number of people are being identified with a condition that is connoted as â€Å"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis†. In the history, this neurological circumstance was meant by a few as â€Å"Lou Gehrig’s disorder† (Hohnsbeen, 2008). Those that experience the ill effects of this ailment persevere through extraordinary complexities. This is basically a direct result of the way that the turmoil rapidly takes up arms against some nerve cells in the body. These cells are perceived as neurons by clinical specialists. The neurons that are appealing to the confusion are the ones that are totally at risk for the control of muscles that are considered to be willful. The muscles in the chest area just as those in the lower body are impacted. The impacted neurons are arranged in the mind just as the spinal string lastly kick the bucket (Hohnsbeen, 2008). Toward this path, one will get familiar with the realities neighboring the neurological condition of amyotrophic parallel sclerosis. At the point when an individual is distinguished with amyotrophic parallel sclerosis, the progression of the turmoil might be steady or it might be fast. Everything relies upon the general strength of the individual, to what extent they have had the condition past to analysis, in addition to whatever other clinical conditions that they may suffer from (Phillies, 1995). Seeing that the explanation of this serious neurological condition is unidentified, clinical specialists frequently make some hard memories choosing the speed wherein the condition enhancements. In any case, it will improve and signs watched will turn out to be all the more requesting to the usefulness of the body. Challenges that draw in the muscles of the body that are used for various purposes will be experienced (Phillies, 1995). Rarely for the amyotrophic sidelong sclerosis victim to encounter troubles, for example, issues in strolling, circumstances in which it is trying to eat and swallow as appropriate, and a few may even face serious health related crises, for example, the inability to inhale appropriately. The reason for amyotrophic horizontal sclerosis isn't recognized, however a huge advance toward choosing the reason came in 1993 when researchers found that adjustments in the quality that creates the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) chemical were connected with certain cases (around 20%) of familial Amyotrophic parallel sclerosis. This compound is a compelling cell reinforcement that safeguards the body from hurt brought about by superoxide, a harmful free radical created in the mitochondria (William, 2000). Free radicals are extremely receptive atoms made by cells during ordinary digestion again generally by the mitochondria. Free radicals can develop and make hurt both mitochondrial and atomic DNA and proteins inside cells. Verification recommends that powerlessness of barriers against oxidative weight up-controls modified cell demise (apoptosis), among a few other likely outcomes. Despite the fact that it isn't yet evident how the SOD1 quality change prompts engine neuron degeneration, inspectors have conjectured that a collection of free radicals may outcome from the defective working of this quality. New examination, in any case, calls attention to that engine neuron demise isn't presumably a result of lost or traded off dismutase movement, proposing freak SOD1 incites harmfulness in some other manner (William, 2000). Investigates drawing in transgenic mice have yielded numerous speculations about the job of SOD1 in freak SOD1 familial amyotrophic horizontal sclerosis. Mice coming up short on the SOD1 quality thoroughly don't ordinarily create amyotrophic horizontal sclerosis, in spite of the fact that they do show a speeding up old enough related muscle decay (sarcopenia) and an abbreviated life expectancy (Wade, 2001). This brings up that the harmful properties of the freak SOD1 are an outcome of an addition in work as opposed to lost typical capacity. Moreover, conglomeration of proteins has been seen as a typical neurotic part of both familial and irregular amyotrophic sidelong sclerosis. Fascinatingly, in freak SOD1 mice, sums of freak SOD1 were found distinctly in scattered tissues, and huge sums were identified during engine neuron degeneration. It is seen that entire store of freak SOD1 completes a job in upsetting cell capacities by destructive mitochondria, proteasomes, protein collapsing chaperones, or different proteins (Phillies, 1995). Any such difficulty, whenever appeared, would loan enormous validity to the theory that totals are occupied with freak SOD1 poisonousness. Adversaries have noticed that in people, SOD1 changes cause just two-percent or so of general cases and the etiological systems might be not the same as those obligated for the irregular kind of the confusion. Until this point, the amyotrophic sidelong sclerosis SOD1 mice remain the best model of the turmoil for preclinical investigates yet it is normal that progressively supportive models will be created (Wade, 2001). There are a few signs that are demonstrated to the circumstance of amyotrophic horizontal sclerosis. In many victims, the main sign related with the circumstance was a shortcoming in the body. This shortcoming is commonly related with a specific muscle. It might occur in the face. A few have suffered from a typical shortcoming in the tongue. It could likewise occur in different pieces of the body, for example, the hands or the legs. This is an indication that the neurons that are at risk for engine capacities are confronting passing (Mitsumoto, 2009). In a few cases, the shortcoming will extend to different pieces of the body. As the neurons experience demise as an outcome of amyotrophic horizontal sclerosis, they are not able to transfer the reasonable signs to the cerebrum. As a result, the muscles just don't understand that they should move somehow. After some time, they are utilized less and less. Shortcoming sets in to the muscles, and afterward they lose their mass. As the neurological circumstance upgrades, different signs will begin to occur. Muscle jerking is a conventional sign. The jerking might be in the kind of sore issues for a few, however this isn't generally the circumstance. A person that has amyotrophic horizontal sclerosis may begin to see that straightforward assignments connecting with the hands may turn out to be all the more testing. A few may find that their talking and the capacity to utilize their mouth for eating and gulping are increasingly convoluted. At long last, strolling will become issue. Those that are recognized with amyotrophic parallel sclerosis will frequently find that they feel frail and relatively drained, however they are fit to continue doing errands that draw in psychological capacity, for example, focusing on tasks, for example, perusing, remembrance and regularly competent to center with practically zero troubles by any stretch of the imagination (Mitsumoto, 2009). End Amyotrophic horizontal sclerosis is a circumstance that is considered to be fatal. Unfortunately, there is no treatment for this circumstance. When the turmoil has begun to affect the body, the mischief that it produces will expand (Hohnsbeen, 2008). The breakdown to the condition is that the greater part of the victims that suffer it will be impacted with a disappointment of the respiratory framework. The normal time length where this happens is inside 3 to 5 years from the beginning of the infection. This by and large outcomes in death. By the by, there have been a few people that have outperformed a life expectancy of ten years once analyzed. On the off chance that you have at present been analyzed, remember to work cautiously with your doctor with regards to fixes. Finding a care group can likewise demonstrate to be very useful with regards to adapting to the advancement of the neurological circumstance.

Lifelong learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Deep rooted learning - Essay Example Assessment of Aspects of Inclusive Learning 13 B. An Analysis of Inclusive Approaches to Learning and Teaching 14 C. An Explanation of How to Motivate and Engage Learners in an Inclusive Learning Environment 15 D. An Explanation on How to Establish Ground Rules With Learners in an Inclusive Learning Environment 16 E. A Review of How to Give Constructive Feedback to Motivate Learners 16 F. A Review of How to Provide Opportunities for Learners to Practice their Literacy, Numeracy and ICT Skills 17 Task B: Professional Journal Entry 17 An) An Analysis: 17 B) An Explanation of How the Assessment Opportunity Was Made to Meet the Needs of the Learners 18 C) An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Your Approaches to Learning and Teaching in Meeting the Needs of Learners 19 References 20 Task A: Research Report An) An Analysis of Initial, Formative and Summative Assessment: Lifelong learning has risen as of late to be viewed as one of the key constituents for people to develop their incentive inside the general public. So as to build up the abilities and differentiated capabilities inside the whole life, it is important to seek after deep rooted learning by virtue of encompassing variables. Information, capabilities and compelling abilities outline the fundamental prerequisites for cultivating advancement and profitability inside an association. With the appearance of globalization, the requirement for switch to stay aware of the quick pace of worldwide foes has likewise quickened, which has started the embodiment of long lasting learning for the people. A point by point investigation of the evaluation instruments have been talked about hereunder: Initial Assessment Analysis In understanding with the underlying appraisal philosophy, it is seen that this strategy for application has been essentially made to be executed in the start of the evaluation procedure. It in a general sense determines information about the learners’ qualities alongside shortcomings and the steady possibilities for the turn of events. Correspondingly, it has likewise been found out that the appraisal strategy essentially centers around a specific fitness or expertise for assessing the learners’ position. Besides, introductory evaluation technique is likewise applied to distinguish the earlier broad territories, which require consideration. This kind of technique is essentially adjusted so as to give the students the fitting courses, agreeing to the acquire abilities and aptitudes. Considering the underlying evaluation apparatus, it fundamentally is applied on occasion to decide the correct student for the correct course, which will eventually help the student to develop in the concerned field. Developmental Assessment Tool Formative appraisal is normally decided as a device, which is applied to give constant criticisms to the students for the specific span of the course. In this specific circumstance, it is commonly known as the ‘assessment for learningâ⠂¬â„¢. The earlier components being enjoyed the developmental evaluation mirror that the learning aims must be clarified to the student. Besides, during the arranging procedure, the course is structured appropriately and is shared among the students. Correspondingly, in this specific procedure, the students are coordinated to complete their own assessment procedure in consistence with the learning goals. In the developmental appraisal innovation, the learners’ as a rule get their outcome by methods for the composed test or in a type of the oral test. Summative Assessment if there should be an occurrence of the summative

Where to Find toefl Essay Topics Examples

Where to Find toefl Essay Topics ExamplesFor anyone who is looking for toefl essay topics examples, there are a variety of ways that they can go about locating them. One of the easiest ways to locate these is through an online search, which will present a great deal of options to choose from.When it comes to the Internet, the type of research that needs to be done to find toefl essay topics examples is as simple as typing in keywords into the Google search engine. The Internet is a great tool in researching anything that you are looking for, and this also applies to the topic of toefl. Because of this, there are a lot of great websites that will present toefl essay topics examples for the student who is trying to write the paper.When looking at these websites, there are going to be a number of different types of options that one can choose from. Because of this, the student can get a better idea of what their options are and how to present their essay based on their own needs.By usin g an essay site as a resource, a student can focus on different types of questions when it comes to toefl essay topics examples. In many cases, the choices will be dependent on the type of subject that they want to write about. This is something that can make it easy for someone to understand their needs and then take advantage of toefl essay topics examples to present their paper in the way that they want to.The most common types of essays that one can write are those that deal with the United States. As such, there are a lot of sites that will provide toefl essay topics examples that are specific to this particular topic. For example, if a student is trying to write a question pertaining to the Second Amendment, they will be able to find the type of toefl essay topics examples that they need, and then determine how to use this information in order to write the essay that they need to write.One of the other examples that can be found can be in regards to religion, and there are a v ariety of different ways that a student can use this as a basis for the topic that they will be writing about. There are many different options available when it comes to religious topics, and a student will be able to use one of these options to write the essay that they need to write. In some cases, there are going to be specific types of books that can be used to help the student when it comes to writing the essay, and these will be as specific as the type of reading that the student chooses to do.There are a great deal of options available for toefl essay topics examples, and a student can decide what type of information they need to use. Although this might seem like a daunting task, it can be one that a student can use to their advantage, and ultimately make the process easier to deal with. With this in mind, a student can start their research by going to an online search and then narrowing down the types of options that they have available for their assignment.For anyone who is looking for toefl essay topics examples, they can start their research by going online. This can help them get the information that they need without having to worry about how they are going to use the information they find. Using an online search is the best way to go about getting this information, because there are a great deal of options available to a student when it comes to essay topics examples.

Political Philosophy Is Not Just Applied Moral Philosophy...

Introduction: Political philosophy is the study of basic questions about the state, government, politics, liberty, justice etc. political philosophy is concerned with the concepts and arguments involves in political opinion. It is ethics applied to a group of people, discusses about societies set up.In political philosophy it is important to know what ought to be a person’s relationship in a society. This seeks application of ethical concepts to social sphere. It is a standard which help to analyze and judge existing institutions and relationships. According to Bernard Williams â€Å"political philosophy is not just applied moral philosophy, which is what in our culture it is often taken to be†¦.political philosophy must use distinctively political concepts, such as power, and its normative relative, legitimation.† Leo Strauss has said â€Å"Philosophy is the quest for wisdom and political philosophyis the attempt truly to know about the nature of political things and the right or the good political order.† In the history of political philosophy, many philosophers have born and influence the era with their theory. There some renowned philosopher from ancient time to modern are Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau etc.They gave theory on state, Justice, government, education. In western political history Plato is a legend philosopher whose thought considered wealth of the century and till influence the people’s thinking world.The Republic is his famous book where heShow MoreRelatedPHL 215 Version 6 Moral Social And Political Philosophy Matrix And Essay Parts 1 2 2 2993 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿University of Phoenix Material Moral, Social, and Political Philosophy Matrix and Essay Part 1 Matrix: Analyze moral, social, and political philosophy by completing the following matrix. Provide a definition of the branch of philosophy as given in a philosophical source (the readings, supplemental materials, or outside academic sources) and list a minimum of three historical developments, theories, key contributors, and principal issues. Bullet point answers are acceptable. Read MoreBranches of Philosophy Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesBranches of Philosophy Professor John Wise American Intercontinental University Thesis This essay project with answer different questions to the six branches of Philosophy. The branches are Metaphysics-is something real? Epistemology-How do we know? Ethics-What is right or wrong? Aesthetics- Is something beautiful? Political- What government is best? And Social-Read MorePhilosophy : The Fundamental Nature Of Knowledge1461 Words   |  6 Pages Philosophy in my perspective is a study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, existence and the theory or attitude acting as a guiding principle for behaviour. The understanding that, philosophy is not just about a deep expression of our wonders and the search for knowledge is false from my views. Philosophy broadens our imagination and allows individuals to engage, analyse and criticize the wider world. Individuals have different thoughts, values reasons and method of communication suchRead MoreThe Ethics Of Foucault And Today1166 Words   |  5 PagesKarlton Ruf Professor General Philosophy 28 June 2015 The Ethics of Foucault and Today Ethics has been studied from different spectrums throughout time whether political or moral based, a collective or individual effort, philosophers have studied theses values based on what is right and wrong. One thinker who is not commonly seen as a philosopher but referred to in countless works is Michel Foucault. Michel Foucault was a French historian and Philosopher and is known more for his works of â€Å"historiesRead MoreBranches of Philosophy983 Words   |  4 PagesThe Branches of Philosophy Joe Bess AIU Online Abstract There are six branches of philosophy, they are Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics, Aesthetics, Political, and Social. Each one of these branches asks a particular question that we seek the knowledge of ourselves, unknown to us probably every day of our lives. The Branches of Philosophy The six branches of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, aesthetics, political, and social. In dealing with each branch they ask certainRead MoreEssay Kant vs. Mill: Human Rights and Utilitarianism1729 Words   |  7 Pagesthe past. This paper looks at the theories of two philosophers, Emmanuel Kant and John Stuart Mills, and how their teachings can be used to explain the sources of human rights. Kant’s moral philosophy is very direct in its justification of human rights, especially the ideals of moral autonomy and equality as applied to rational human beings. John Stuart Mills’ theory of utilitarianism also forms a solid basis for human rights, especially his belief that utility is the supreme criterion for judgingRead MoreThomas Aquinas, Natural Law And Legal Positivism710 Words   |  3 PagesThere are different types of relationships between Morals and Laws. It is important to distinguish these differences by the assertion and denial of them. In the book The Concept of Law there are two types of relations, Natural law and Legal Positivism. Natural Law is defined as â€Å"certain principles of human conduct, awaiting discovery by human reason, which man-made laws must conform to if they are to be valid (Hart 2012 p.185-186).† Legal Positivism is defined as â€Å"the simple contention that it isRead MoreConfucianism And The Chinese Society1257 Words   |  6 PagesWhen Western people think of Confucianism, they often think of it in a past sense- as something only relevant to ancient China that cannot be applied to modern day society. However, what these people fail to realize is that Confucianism’s roots have been so integrated into China’s society that the values have become a part of every day life. Without having to explicitly state that they are following specifics aspects of Confucianism, most Chinese people submit to them, often times unknowingly. HoweverRead MoreThe Ideal Society As Suggested By Pla to993 Words   |  4 Pagesstate justice requires each individual it conform to the societal role they have been given and not to interfere with any other business. In Book IV, Plato theorises individual justice to be a mirror reflection of political justice. Much like Plato’s three class structure of a just society, he also hypothesised there are three components to an individual’s soul. That is: the rational, the spiritual, and the appetitive. In this model, the rational soul seeks truth, and is accountable for philosophicalRead MoreKant And David Hume Views On The Matter1457 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand the ideals that both Kant and Hume portray. For Immanuel Kant, there isn t a way to just claim someone is moral or immoral from subjectivity. There are laws in human nature that determine what is truly just, and those laws are based on his idea of freedom, which by itself, leads to disarray: If freedom is not restricted by objective rules, the result is much savage disorder(Kant). In his moral theory freedom and morality were the fundamentals and frame work of his theories which was called

Working As An Intern Caring For Patients With Cancer On...

Reflection Assignment Working as an intern caring for patients with cancer on the Adjunctive Cancer Care (ACC) shift at the Robert Schad Naturopathic Clinic (RSNC) for this past year has been a great learning experience. Although it had its own unique set of challenges, it has been a real privilege to be a trusted part of the patients care experience. With the privilege of being a part of patient’s health care teams, there were many challenging aspects working with terminally ill patients. I initially found it hard to fully commit to the therapeutic relationship; I wanted to maintain some form of internal boundary to protect myself emotionally. I found as time when on, I was more willing to open up and exposure my emotional vulnerability in order to fully meet their needs and be there for the patient. It is a delicate balance trying to be there fully for your patient, care for them to the fullest extent, as well as attempting to protect my own emotions and feelings. There is a give and take to this balance, and it evolved as the relationship with the patient evolved and my ease in the role of an intern matured. I have patients who are as close as a friend now, after a year of working together. I am sad to be ending our therapeutic relationship due to the end of my internship, I am also sad that I won’t be having cont act these patients anymore, or being kept up to date with their health. It is a strange finality to our working relationship; I am not yet sure how it will

The Impact Of Nutrition Information On Advertisement Of...

The impacts of nutrition information on advertisement of fast food chains The fast food industry in the U.S. has rapidly expanded in the past few decades (Hwang, 2013). In 2014, the industry has created a 3% current value growth, indicating its robust and continued ability in the U.S. market overall (Euromonitor, 2015). This strong increase has largely changed Americans’ lifestyle and eating habits; the amount of money they spend on fast food is more than that on education, readings and videos (Schlosser, 1998). Moreover, the fast food chains spent almost $500 million on cross-promotion events with additional $300 million spent on premiums distribution in 2009 (Bernhardt, Wilking, Gilbert-Diamond, Emond, Sargent, 2015). Indeed, by spending around $10 billion on food related ads every year, the food industry becomes the second largest advertiser in America (Bernhardt, Wilking, Gilbert-Diamond, Emond, Sargent, 2015). According to a report from Fast Food Facts, the whole fast food industry spent $4.6 billion on all kinds of advertising in 2012, among which advertising spending of McDonald’s was the most. Looking into the way how fast food chain advertisements are considered to be capable in influencing people’s eating habits and food preferences (Bernhardt, Wilking, Gilbert-Diamond, Emond, Sargent, 2015), it has been attributed to the obesity of Americans (Mink, 2006). The total sales of fast food in America was 4% in 1953 while the number of 1997 sharply increasedShow MoreRelatedMcdonalds Ethical Issues1125 Words   |  5 Pagesethical criticism of the fast food giant, McDonald, in Europe. By referring to the case, the organizational ethical issues which are filled around McDonald consist of food health, ill-treatment of animals, exploitation of children, and destruction of rainforests. Besides, anti-globalization, anti-American, anti-McDonald’s activism, and Europe governments had also been the concerns and ethical challenges for the fast food giant. First of all, we will touch the field of food health. In this situationRead MoreMcdonalds Ethical Issues1140 Words   |  5 Pagesethical criticism of the fast food giant, McDonald, in Europe. By referring to the case, the organizational ethical issues which are filled around McDonald consist of food health, ill-treatment of animals, exploitation of children, and destruction of rainforests. Besides, anti-globalization, anti-American, anti-McDonald’s activism, and Europe governments had also been the concerns and ethical challenges for the fast food giant. First of all, we will touch the field of food health. In this situationRead MoreMcDonald, unethical marketing?821 Words   |  4 PagesMcDonald is the largest leading multinational fast food restaurant with more than 33000 food chains worldwide in 119 countries, serving 68 millions of customers daily. Despite McDonald’s prevalent brand name under globalization, many of its marketing strategies are come into question in terms of ethnicity. In the following essay, some of those unethical issues of McDonald being criticized will be analyzed based on the values-oriented framework, which refers to the AMA Statement ofRead MoreCorporate Responsibility Stakeholder Perspective Essay1236 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate Responsibility (2) Stakeholder perspective Obesity and fast food Use the stakeholder analysis to look at the impact of fast food (eg MacDonald’s) on each stakeholder group. Should the sale/marketing of fast food be regulated/ restricted? If so why? If not, why not? Childhood obesity has been labeled one of the most serious public health issues if the 21st century. 42 million of the children under five years old are overweight all over the world, inRead MoreLasting Effect Of Marketing On Children Essay1623 Words   |  7 PagesEffect of Marketing to Children In the past few decades, fast food companies has invested heavily in advertising to children and young adults, in return they’ll become the future of consumers of the next generation prolong business profits. Children between the ages 8 to 12 years old are exposed highest to fast food media marketing and those years are critical stages of development as this forms their eating habits for adulthood. Fast food corporations are utilizing all sources of outlet to advertiseRead MoreAdvertisement and Vice Product2568 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"Vice† Product and Advertisement When is the last time you go to order a burger in fast food shop? And recently have you ever went to a convenient store and purchased a pack of cigarette? Nowadays advertisement of fast food, tobacco and alcohol product are catchy in magazines, newspapers, TV commercials or bus stop stations and it seems these products have become part of our daily lives. Fast food, tobacco and alcohol products are advertised as our â€Å"trusted friends† and fast food, tobacco and alcoholRead MoreDon t Blame The Eater Essay947 Words   |  4 PagesBlame the Eater† by David Zinczenko, he discusses the dangers of fast foods and obesity. At first, Zinczenko blames the consumer for making such poor dietary decisions, but then says consumers are not entirely at fault. Through his article, he tries to convince the readers that the fast food industry is to blame. He uses writing techniques, appeals to emotion, appeals to personal authority, and facts to prove his case against the food ind ustry. Zinczenko uses devices such as questions and a sarcasticRead MoreFederal Government Should NOT Regulate the Fast Food Industry1190 Words   |  5 PagesAfter Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser was published in 2001 and became a New York Times bestseller, the same titled movie and other food-related documentary movies such as â€Å"Super Size Me† (2004) and â€Å"Food Inc.† (2009) became smash hits, which may reflect the enhancement of people’s awareness of healthy food in last decade. However, the recent article of Time magazine online shows that today’s food situation does not seem to improve since then, it even got worse. Especially a social problem likeRead MoreChildhood Obesity : The Overbearing Truth1664 Words   |  7 Pagesoverweight or obese between the ages of 2-19 (Gavin). Childhood obesity is ruthless. It leads to an onslaught of an unhealthy lifestyle combined with bullying and an early onset of heart disease or other related health problems. Media and unhealthy food choices are contributors to this pandemic. The only way to counteract this is that parents need to be more aware of their child physical lifestyle and their nutritional choices. If not, the outcome resulting may lead to an outcome no parent would wantRead MoreFast Food Restaurants and the Decline of Americans Health Essay1948 Words   |  8 PagesStates have eaten regularly at fast food restaurants. As the obesity rate increases, the number of fast food restaurants goes up as well. Although it is not certain, many believe that obesity in the United States is correlated to eating fast food. Since the United States has the highest obesity rate out of any country, it is important for Americans to monitor the fast food industry that may be causing obesity. With the pressure to get things done in a timely manner, fast food became a big necessity. However

Science of Consumer Behavior Tourism Industry

Question: Discuss about the Science of Consumer Behavior for Tourism Industry. Answer: Introduction Travel and tourism industry has grown to be one of the most influential industries of the world. It has driven many economies towards welfare which is one of the best things that has happened to many developing economies. Many countries in the world largely depend upon travel and tourism industry for the overall growth and development of the country. It s important to mention that with time opportunities in travel and tourism industry has grown which has been conducive for many countries to make serious amendments about the travel and tourism industry in the country (Morin, 2011). The importance of travel and tourism has grown rapidly as the interest in tourism has increased consistently in the last few decades which have been conducive for the growth and development of the travel and tourism industry globally. Countries like Malaysia, Mauritius, and Hong Kong depend highly on their tourism. On the other hand countries like Spain, Italy, and United Kingdom receive a substantial amount through travel and tourism. It is quite clear that tourism consumer has increased slowly and steadily with time and this has favored competition in the travel and tourism market. Every tourism company has emphasised on understanding the science of consumer behavior. The key to realising the different aspects that helps a consumer decide on their tourism consumption. Hence it could be said that the science of consumer behavior is extremely important to be understood by companies and the present study will try to delve deep into this matter. The increasing number of holiday destina tions all around the world has kind of got people confused about making their tourism decisions which creates a huge problem in the industry (MacInnis Folkes, 2010). The purchase decisions of the consumers depend on different attributes which are extremely important to be evaluated. There have been a lot of researches on consumer purchasing behavior and it has showed that consumer purchase behavior is a complex mechanism and involves huge psychological assessment of different aspects. The buying behavior of consumers stands to be very important in deciding about choosing a product or service that will fulfill the needs and wants of the consumers. Consumer behavioral attributes is what most of the companies try to analyse in order to understand what they could exactly think and assess before going for a certain product or service (Goel et al., 2010). The information is taken from a primary research study which was based on specific number of respondents interested in travel and their responses have been interpreted numerically in order to gain effective idea about the trend in travel and tourism industry. The study will help us to scrutinise the key reasons behind the decision taken by a consumers and what thought process is likely applied in choosing the holiday destinations. The different attributes like cost, transport, different activities involved come into picture and how do they influence the decision making process of the consumers are also reflected upon effectively (De Mooij, 2010). Analysis of consumer decisions The present study has taken up the overall assessment of choosing three different holiday destinations. In the first place it is important to mention that all the data collected have reflected on the original decisions of the respondents and it has helped to realise the key factors that goes on to make consumer decisions. Three respondents and their data have been chosen to be analysed effectively which will give us a fair bit of idea about the science of consumer behavior. The three respondents have answered certain questions relevant on 6 different locations all around the world and have given contrasting answers which would help us to develop strong rationale about consumer behavior and the influence of different aspects related to consumer buying behavior (Foxall, 2010). The main factor that has seemed to have affected the consumer behavior of buying any tourism package is Cost. Cost is one of the most important things that are taken into account by most consumers in order to develop a strong sense which drives their buying behavior. Cost or economic factor has always been the biggest motivator and vice versa for people indulging into shopping, entertainment and travel and tourism. It has been again proved that consumers see cost as the major influence in making their purchase decisions. From the given data it could be seen that two out of three respondents have rated cost as one of the most key aspect in evaluating a particular destination as suitable or not suitable. Both the respondents have given it a rating above 40 which clearly indicates that the trend of choosing the travel and tourism package is highly dependent on cost (Miller, 2009). Cost determines whether a consumer will choose a particular product or not. At the same in relation to this criteria both the respondents who are male one of 51 and the other of 19 have nodded negatively against the expensive package of Spain, France and Italy and rated it 1 which means very poor. This also clears the air about any confusion lying on the fact that cost is the most important aspect for any consumers looking to book tourism package. This has also been seen that both the respondents saying cost is a key factor are men which means that men tends to assess cost as a huge factor which means men are much more conservative about the income and expenses and want to spend or invest money prudently which is very visible from this case. On the other hand the woman has rated cost under 40 which means she does have an opinion on price but it is not a big deal for her and she is much more interested on the other factors (De Mooij Hofstede, 2011). The aspect of cost brings in another related factor into the picture that is income. It is important to mention that income attribute of a consumer is also a huge factor in determining ones taste and preference but of course there are exceptions. In this case as it is seen from the given data that respondent 1 is a young male of 19 and is still studying and is a part time worker and doesnt have huge income he has already cleared that he wants to have new experiences it is imminent that he will effectively develop interest for tourism. But since his income is not huge and is just $39000 a year it becomes tough for him to afford any kind of expensive tourism package (Wyer Srull, 2014). At the same time the 51 year old male has an income of around $151,900 pretax he is married and hence he cannot only focus on tourism so it is clear that both of them are bound financially and cannot go for expensive tourism package and so they go for cheaper packages. Whereas the female respondent has high income and apparently much stable so she could easily afford to pay for expensive packages (Kardes et al., 2014). If its minutely seen it could be said that these individuals differ in their style and interest since they belong to different group, ethnicity and culture. It is important to mention that the choice of tourism locations also largely depend upon ethnicity. In this case we have got diversified ethnicity. The young student is from Australia and he is extroverted as he has strongly agreed to this point in the survey, it could be said that being a young boy from university he would look to learn about the life of worlds biggest sin city Las Vegas. As a young man he would like to experience the night life of the place and learn about different things and play poker in the casinos and his interest is quite justified given his age. On the other hand since he is an Australian he would like to go a place where he can speak English is original tongue and could lead a similar English lifestyle in a place and hence there couldnt have been a better idea than Las Vegas (Rucker Galinsky, 2014). On the other hand the 51 year males ethnicity is Chinese and hence it is clear that why he has opted for Hong Kong. Since Hong Kong is almost neighboring to China it has similar culture, food and lifestyle which would help him and his family to stay within their culture even after coming to a holiday which stands to be the key reason why he has opted for China. On the other hand Chinese Culture is orthodox culture and being introvert helps to be in this culture. Finally the Woman is from Canada and in terms of nature she is a neutral lady but loves power and uniqueness which helps her to opt for Barossa Valley. Since she loves uniqueness she has opted for this wine testing tour which will give her self-satisfaction (Osbaldiston Schott, 2011). Hence it could be said that some of the important aspects which influence the decisions making of consumers are cost, income, ethnicity and uniqueness of the place and obviously the nature of the consumers. Behavior of the chosen respondents The behavior of the chosen respondents is very clear from their choices of purchasing tourism packages. Their behavior could be understood and personalities could be assessed. The first respondent is a 19 year young male who is per time worker and an undergraduate student. His income is not huge and is just $39000 P.A hence it is clear that he would be fun loving jovial guy looking for fun all the time which reflects on his choice of destination as Las Vegas and this establishes his personality as well. On the other hand the 51 year old man who is not an extrovert and is looking for a holiday which would allow his family to stay under their culture but also have fun within a stipulated budget and hence Hong Kong is a good idea. This choice made by him clearly shows that he is orthodox by nature and a serious personality. Lastly the lady of 43 years is well established highly educated has a PhD (Higgins Scholer, 2009). Degree and earns huge amount of money herself. She is also not an extrovert and hence wants to go for a holiday which will help her to spend time in peace and give her self-satisfaction which is provided by Barossa Valley. The wine testing and accommodation in 4 star hotels perfectly foils the tour and even though she doesnt have money problem her class and gravity has made this choice along with her husband who is ruling force in this case. This clearly indicates that she has a conservative personality and is looking for something with class and peace (Osbaldiston Schott, 2011). Marketing to young customers Companies catering to young clients similar to the one in this involved case who opted for Las Vegas should be very prudent as these kinds of clients have significant characteristics. Since these people are young and fun loving they normally dont have huge money but as they are extrovert and love to experience new and unique things they opt for places like Las Vegas hence it is important for the tour operators to keep these features in mind for young people and learn different aspects from one ro more purchases happening. This will help to learn from one transaction and implement it in the next which will help to advertise these kinds of packages only to young segments and gradually it will increase the profitability of the company (Higgins Scholer, 2009). Conclusion At the present moment the tourism industry is a very competitive industry globally and naturally consumers become highly confused about which place to go to or which place to or which tourism package to buy as there are numerous companies providing the same kind of packages, some at better price and some at better configuration and this clearly arises problems for consumers and in this scenario if companies are able to assess the key aspects that influence consumer behavior it will help companies to develop ideas and plans to utilise these information effectively in order to draw consumers towards the business and gain competitive advantage in the market (Miller, 2009). The present study has highlighted on the analysis done on the key aspects which influence consumer buying behavior which has helped to cover the different objectives of the study making it a success. References Morin, C. (2011). Neuromarketing: the new science of consumer behavior.Society,48(2), 131-135. MacInnis, D. J., Folkes, V. S. (2010). The disciplinary status of consumer behavior: A sociology of science perspective on key controversies.Journal of Consumer Research,36(6), 899-914. Goel, S., Hofman, J. M., Lahaie, S., Pennock, D. M., Watts, D. J. (2010). Predicting consumer behavior with Web search.Proceedings of the National academy of sciences,107(41), 17486-17490. De Mooij, M. (2010).Consumer Behavior and Culture: Consequences for Global Marketing and Advertising: Consequences for Global Marketing and Advertising. Sage. Foxall, G. R. (2010). Invitation to consumer behavior analysis.Journal of Organizational Behavior Management,30(2), 92-109. Miller, G. (2009).Spent: Sex, evolution, and consumer behavior. Penguin. De Mooij, M., Hofstede, G. (2011). Cross-cultural consumer behavior: A review of research findings.Journal of International Consumer Marketing,23(3-4), 181-192. Wyer Jr, R. S., Srull, T. K. (2014).Handbook of Social Cognition: Volume 2: Applications. Psychology Press. Kardes, F., Cronley, M., Cline, T. (2014).Consumer behavior. Cengage Learning. Rucker, D. D., Galinsky, A. D. (2009). Conspicuous consumption versus utilitarian ideals: How different levels of power shape consumer behavior.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,45(3), 549-555. Osbaldiston, R., Schott, J. P. (2011). Environmental sustainability and behavioral science: Meta-analysis of proenvironmental behavior experiments.Environment and Behavior, 0013916511402673. Higgins, E. T., Scholer, A. A. (2009). Engaging the consumer: The science and art of the value creation process.Journal of Consumer Psychology,19(2), 100-114.