10 Types of Marriage Records for Family History

The different types of marriage records that might be available for your ancestors, and the amount and kind of information they contain,  will vary depending on the location and time period, as well as sometimes the parties religion. In some localities, a marriage license may include the most details, while in a different locality and time period more information might be found in the marriage register. Locating all available marriage record types increases the chance of learning additional information—including confirmation that the marriage actually took place, the names of parents or witnesses, or the religion of one or both parties to the marriage. Records of Intentions to Marry Marriage Banns — Banns, sometimes spelled bans, were public notice of an intended marriage between two specified persons on a particular date. Banns began as a church custom, later proscribed by English common law, that required the parties to give advance public notice of their intention to marry over three consecutive Sundays, either in church or a public place. The purpose was to give anyone who might have an objection to the marriage, to state why the marriage should not take place. Usually, this was because one or both of the parties was too young or already married, or because they were more closely related than allowed by law. Marriage Bond — A monetary pledge or guarantee given to the court by the intended groom and a bondsman to affirm  that there was no moral or legal reason why the couple could not be married, and also that the groom would not change his mind. If either party declined to go through with the union, or of one of the parties was found to be ineligible—for example, already married, too closely related to the other party, or underage without parental approval—the bond money was generally forfeit. The bondsman, or surety, was often a brother or uncle to the bride, although he could also be a relative of the groom or even a neighbor of  a  friend of either of the two parties. The use of marriage bonds was especially common in the southern and mid-Atlantic states through the first half of the nineteenth century. In colonial Texas, where Spanish law required colonists to be Catholic, a marriage bond was used in a slightly different fashion—as a pledge to local authorities in situations where there was no Roman Catholic priest available that the couple agreed to have their civil marriage solemnized by a priest as soon as the opportunity came available. Marriage License —  Perhaps the most commonly found record of a marriage is the marriage license. The purpose of a marriage license was to ensure that the marriage conformed to all legal requirements, such as both parties being of lawful age and not too closely related to one another.  After confirming there were no impediments to the marriage, a  license form was issued by a local public official (usually the county clerk) to the couple intending to marry, and granted permission to anyone authorized to solemnize marriages (minister, Justice of the Peace, etc.) to perform the ceremony.  The marriage was usually—but not always—performed within a few days after the granting of the license. In many localities both the marriage license and the marriage return (see below) are found recorded together. Marriage Application — In some jurisdictions and time periods, the law required that a marriage application to be filled out before a marriage license could be issued. In such situations, the application often required more information than was recorded on the marriage license, making it especially useful for family history research. Marriage applications may be recorded in separate books or might be found with the marriage licenses.   Consent Affidavit — In most jurisdictions, individuals under the lawful age could still be married with  the consent of a parent or guardian as long as they were still above a minimum age. The age at which an individual required consent varied by locality and time period, as well as whether they were male or female. Commonly, this might be anyone under the age of twenty-one; in some jurisdictions, lawful age was sixteen or eighteen, or even as young as thirteen or fourteen for females. Most jurisdictions also had a minimum age, not allowing children under the age of twelve or fourteen to marry, even with parental consent. In some cases, this consent may have taken the form of a written affidavit, signed by the parent (usually the father) or legal guardian. Alternatively, the consent may have been given verbally to the county clerk in front of one or more witnesses, and then noted along with the marriage record. Affidavits were also sometimes recorded to affirm that both individuals were of legal age. Marriage Contract or Settlement — While much less common than the other marriage record types discussed here, marriage contracts have been recorded since colonial times. Similar to what we would now call a prenuptial agreement, marriage contracts or settlements were agreements made prior to marriage, most commonly when the woman-owned property in her own name or wished to ensure that property left by a former husband would go to his children and not the new spouse. Marriage contracts might be found filed among the marriage records, or recorded in the deed books or records of the local court. In areas governed by civil law, however, marriage contracts were much more common, used as a means for both parties to protect their property, regardless of their economic or social status. Marriage licenses, bonds,  and  banns all indicate that a marriage was  planned  to take place, but not that it actually happened. For proof that a marriage actually took place, youll need to look for any of the following records: Records Documenting That a Marriage Took Place Marriage Certificate  Ã¢â‚¬â€ A marriage certificate confirms a marriage and is signed by the person officiating at the marriage. The downside is, that the original marriage certificate ends up in the hands of the bride and groom, so if it hasnt been passed down in the family, you may not be able to locate it. In most localities, however, the information from the marriage certificate, or at least verification that the marriage actually took place, is recorded at the bottom or on the back of the marriage license, or in a separate marriage book (see  marriage register  below). Marriage Return / Ministers Return  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Following the wedding, the minister or officiant would complete a paper called a  marriage return indicating that he had married the couple and on what date. He would later return it to the local registrar as proof that the marriage occurred. In many  localities,  you can find this return  recorded at the bottom or on the back of the marriage license. Alternatively, the information may be located in a Marriage Register (see below) or in a separate volume of ministers returns. The lack of an actual marriage date or  marriage  return does not always mean the marriage didnt take place, however. In some  cases,  the minister or officiant may have simply forgotten to drop off the return, or it wasnt recorded for whatever reason. Marriage Register  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Local clerks generally recorded the marriages they performed in a marriage register or book. Marriages performed by another officiant (e.g.  minister, justice of the peace, etc.) were also generally recorded, following receipt of the  marriage  return. Sometimes marriage registers incorporate information from a variety of marriage documents, so may include the names of the couples; their ages, birthplaces, and current locations; the names of their parents, the names of witnesses, the name of the officiant and the date of marriage. Newspaper Announcement  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Historical newspapers are a rich source for information on marriages, including those which may predate the recording of marriages in that locality. Search  historical newspaper archives  for engagement announcements and marriage announcements, paying special attention to clues such as the location of the marriage, the name of the officiant (may indicate religion), the members of the marriage party, the names of guests, etc. Dont overlook religious or ethnic newspapers if you know the ancestors religion, or if they belong to a specific ethnic group (e.g. the local German-language newspaper).

Women in the Work Force During and After World War II Essay

Before the World War II, many women only held jobs in the house providing for their children, husband, and the needs that came with taking care of the household, but during the war, this completely changed. Many women were given new opportunities consisting of new jobs, new skills, new challenges, and greater chances to do things that were once only of imagination to them. Women made the war especially possible with taking over the jobs that men would usually do, but could not do because of the war. One of the first things that encouraged women to take on jobs of the men who went off to war was the propaganda. Propaganda consisted of films, radio, and print. These advertisements used showed women fighting in the army and many working in†¦show more content†¦Women held office jobs so that the men could go off to war, worked in factories expanding industrial output, and helped raise money in the community. The women are what helped keep the country running. When women filled j obs that were traditionally men’s, this aided the country as a whole because while men fought in the war, women were able to keep the country moving. Women not only worked in factories and offices, but working in the community played an immense role in helping the soldiers fighting. Women raised money for the war, collected blood, rolled bandages, aided in civil defense, tended Victory Gardens, and hosted troops. Some women still worked at home centering their work around what the soldiers needed. They recycled aluminum foil and other materials that were scarce, they raised children as usual, and mourned for the soldier that had died. Women were assisting the troops with all that they could in order to make life easier for them. The armed forces launched rallies, advertising campaigns, community programs of outreach, and college student appeals. Most advertisements would show women in uniform as fabulous. 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Strategies and HR Implementation Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Strategies and HR Implementation. Answer: An organizations strategy is the plan that a company follows to reach its goal. To evaluate a companys strategy the factors that they consider are the working environments that will adjustable and versatile, the size of the company and lastly the age of the company (Mantere, 2013). Taking the example of Marks Spencer whose market share dropped in 2004 to 11%, from 0.2%. This mostly affected their clothing segment. This is due to the strategy that they have which only targeted the rich people with larger market share. To come out of it they must follow the low pricing strategies in the market. To achieve this they used the gap analysis where first, they list the characteristic factors for the cause of their situation then they listed those factors that were required to attain their future objectives and then featuring the gaps that existed and needed to be filled. The strategy that they use helped them to overcome the situation as they can reflect on what their current situation is a nd what their future goals are. Now these strategies are implemented only when the HR department reviews the needs of the company. The basic roles of the HR team are to look after the recruitment process, managing the interviews, salaries and benefits as well as the rules and regulations of the company. They also develop a plan for enhancing the workplace for the workers. It is their responsibility to execute the strategies to pull a skillful workforce to the company (Bamberger, Biron Meshoulam, 2014). References Bamberger, P. A., Biron, M., Meshoulam, I. (2014).Human resource strategy: Formulation, implementation, and impact. Routledge. Mantere, S. (2013). What is organizational strategy? A language?based view.Journal of Management Studies,50(8), 1408-1426.

International Human Resource Management free essay sample

Discuss and analysis the impact of Chinese culture and traditions upon adopted human resource management and strategic human resource management in multinational companies. ?Analysis the external factors that shape human resource activities will be social, economic, political and legal. 1. 2 Introduce the international human resource management The 80% of the world’s industrial output are produced by the 1000 largest companies in the world. That point out that the world is becoming more international. In all of the international companies international human resource management is a key to get success.The international human resource management (IHRM) is the way in which international organizations manage their human resource across different national contexts. These international organizations’ human resource manger must address on the culture and external factors. For example the HR manger must find out the way can make HRM is conducted in other countries—the laws, culture, labour market and so on. China is developing very rapid, owing to the rapid growth of internationalization of Chinese, more and more multinational enterprises (MNEs) have put interest in IHRM. We will write a custom essay sample on International Human Resource Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Chapter 2 the impact of national culture As we all know, different countries have different cultures. Culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another. (Hofstede, 1991) In all of the international organizations or multinational enterprises (MNEs) and many small medium-size enterprises (SMEs) are inevitable that the cultural difference has impact on business. For example, when a company having meeting, the word ‘table’ in American English it means to put something on the agenda.But in British English it means to put something off the agenda. This example indicated how the culture affects the business. Chinese culture has much different from the west countries. For example the language, architecture, relationship to environment and so on. 2. 1 What is culture? [1] Hodgetts and Luthans (1994) argue that culture is: acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and to generate social behavior. This knowledge form values, creates attitudes and influences behaviour. They further suggest that culture can be characterized using the following terms. ?Learned.Culture is acquired by us all as we grow and as we experience, it is acquired through the process of socialization. ?Shared. Culture is a group phenomenon and the group varies. For example, it may be members of a nation, an organization or a sex. ?Transgenerational. It is passed down from one generation to the next. ?Patterned and structured. ?Adaptive. It changes over time and in response to many stimulate. 1 Mike Leat, Human Resource Management Issues of the European Union, 1998, P4 From Hodgetts and Luthans said we know that culture can be characterized using the following figure:Figure 1 Module of Organizational culture 2. 2 National culture The most influential pieces of research in relation to national culture are the work of Hofstede. There are four cultural dimensions that were defined in Hifstede’s research: ? Power distance ?Uncertainty avoidance ?Individualism v collectivism ?Masculinity v femininity The writer will use Higsted’s research to analysis Chinese culture and enable a clearer view in how the cultures affect the IHRM in China. Power distance I think the power distance is the most important influence in cultural.The power distance is the distance between a manager and employee. In another word the power distance is how much employee can consent or dissent with bosses or managers. A high power distance indicates that the employee is likely to expect and accept inequality in this power distribution. Like in China the power distance is a high power distance culture. In China the managers or boss always have more privileges to make the decision and superiors. The managers’ decisions always close supervision positively evaluated by employee.

The Wasps Monologue Essay Thesis Example For Students

The Wasps Monologue Essay Thesis A monologue from the play by Aristophanes NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from Aristophanes: The Eleven Comedies. Trans. Anonymous. London: The Athenian Society, 1922. PHILOCLEON: At the outset I will prove to you that there exists no king whose might is greater than ours. Is there a pleasure, a blessing comparable with that of a juryman? Is there a being who lives more in the midst of delights, who is more feared, aged though he be? From the moment I leave my bed, men of power, the most illustrious in the city, await me at the bar of the tribunal; the moment I am seen from the greatest distance, they come forward to offer me a gentle handthat has pilfered the public funds; they entreat me, bowing right low and with a piteous voice, Oh, father, they say, pity me, I beseech you! Why, the man who thus speaks would not know of my existence, had I not let him off on some former occasion. These entreaties have appeased my wrath, and I enter the courtsfirmly resolved to do nothing that I have promised. Nevertheless I listen to the accused. We will write a custom essay on The Wasps Monologue Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Oh! what tricks to secure acquittal! Ah! there is no form of flattery that is not addressed to the court! Some groan over their property and they exaggerate the truth in order to make their troubles equal to my own. Others tell us anecdotes or some comic story from ?sop. Others, again, cut jokes; they fancy I shall be appeased if I laugh. If we are not even then won over, why, then they drag forward their young children by the hand, both boys and girls, who prostrate themselves and whine with one accord, and then the father, trembling as if before a god, begs me not to condemn him out of pity for them, If you love the voice of the lamb, have pity on my son, and because I am fond of little sows, I must yield to his daughter\s prayers. Then we relax the heat of our wrath a little for him. Is not this great power indeed? A father on his death-bed names some husband for his daughter, who is his sole heir; but we care little for his will or for the shell so solemnly placed over the seal; we give the young maiden to him who has best known how to secure our favour. Name me another duty that is so important? But I am forgetting the most pleasing thing of all. When I return home with my pay, everyone runs to greet me because of my money. First my daughter bathes me, anoints my feet, stoops to kiss me and, while she is calling me her dearest father, fishes out my triobolus with her tongue. Then my little wife comes to wheedle me and brings a nice little cake; she sits beside me and entreats me in a thousand ways, Do take this now; do have some more. All this delights me hugely. Am I not equal to the king of the gods? If our assembly is noisy, all say as they pass, Great gods! the tribunal is rolling out its thunder! If I let loose the lightning, the richest, aye, the noblest are half dead with fright and crap themselves with terror. You yourself are afraid of me, yea, by Demeter! you are afraid.

Major Themes in The Green Mile

Major Themes in The Green Mile Free Online Research Papers The Green Mile by Stephen King is the story of a man with god-given powers of healing sentenced to death for killing two young girls. The themes of compassion and sacrifice can be seen in this movie. One part of this movie that shows lack of compassion is when one of the prison guards, Percy, kills one of the prisoner’s pet mouse showing how little he cares about other people. Percy in this movie does not show any kind of good towards other people. He does not seem to care at all for anyone but himself. This movie is about death row in a Louisiana prison. The last walk, from the cell to the electric chair is known at this prison as The Green Mile, due to the color of the floor. One item of special emphasis is that when the condemned man is seated in the electric chair, the prison guard in charge of the execution is supposed to place a wet sponge on top of the head of the prisoner, just before the head strap is secured with one of the main wires for the electrical current. This is meant to speed up the execution on the basis that water is a very good conductor of electricity, and the wet sponge conducts the current immediately into the brain of the prisoner. This kills the inmate quickly, and mercifully (as mercifully as this method can make possible). The preparation for the execution is ended, just before the juice is turned on, with the words: God have mercy on your soul! It was also interesting that, when one prisoner is executed, and the guard in charge fails to use water on the sponge, there is a very ugly, painful and vicious electrocution in which the prisoner does not die immediately, but is badly burned and thrashes back and forth until the body is essentially a pile of charred remains. This movie has mixed feelings for me. I am saddened when I see the soon to be prisoner holding onto the two girls he had just killed. Seeing him like that with the two girls makes me hate him for what he has done to the girls, and makes me want the worst possible punishment for him even if it is the death penalty. Later on in the movie, he seems to gain the trust of the guards. He makes them think he really is innocent, and did nothing wrong. He makes them think he is God because he heals the one prison guard from a bladder infection, and then heals the warden’s wife. I find it quite interesting that even though he brutally murdered two young farm girls and were found with them next to him, and the girl’s blood on him, that the prison guards think he is innocent as soon as he walks in the prison door. Seeing this movie makes me wonder how prisoners are treated in our prisons right here in our own country, our own county, or even our own city. If the guards treat all prisoners like they treated the prisoner in â€Å"The Green Mile†, prison may not seem as bad as some think, or for some, better than the streets. The camera angles in this movie are at different angles. I believe they had the cameras down low in order to make the prisoner seem really tall which in turn made the guards seem really short. I am not sure what this movie can teach someone about being human, other than that everyone makes mistakes in their lives whether it is small ones that can be overlooked, or big ones that can cost you your life. I think when the prisoner healed the prison guard, and warden’s wife, that was not human. Humans cannot heal each other like that. All in all, I think this was a good movie, other than I think it gave people the impression that murdering someone is ok, because you will be treated nicely in prison up until you are electrocuted. You are allowed to do things that you may not be able to do otherwise. Research Papers on Major Themes in "The Green Mile"Book Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XCapital PunishmentWhere Wild and West MeetThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Hockey GameMind TravelArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Spring and AutumnQuebec and CanadaHip-Hop is Art

Leadership Failure Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership Failure - Assignment Example Many factors, from a leadership perspective, have been accounted for Lehman brothers’ downfall that burst out by the end of 2008. Foremost, the executive leaders of the institution seemed to be unaware of the market complexities that had changed drastically over the last few decades. Leadership can be well executed only if the leaders are proactive with respect to all aspects of the organization and changing behaviors of people, customers, market, and shareholders. Kelly and Csorba’s (2009) extensive report on leadership gaps at Lehman Brothers clearly identifies reasons for its failure. In short, this report points at factors such as leadership autonomy, inappropriate human resource practices, hierarchy versus authority, personal character and values of leaders, inappropriate decisions with respect to alignment of individual goals and objectives with that of organization’s objectives. Bill George (2008) of Lehman Brothers also pointed at the critical decisions made by leadership that focused on short-term monetary targets and incentives and lack of risk assessment. Incidences of resistance from leadership level towards risk assessment have also been reported in the Lehman’s history. This not only indicates lack of risk assessment but also lack of shared leadership concept that is extremely important to run large organizations (O’Toole, Galbrath & Lawler, 2002). Leaders need to have the courage of taking risks, however, taking uncalculated risks can be the potential threat to the organization at large. Investment in complex and highly uncertain areas were some of the most critical leadership decisions that changed the plight of the organization and all its stakeholders. Leaders need to develop careful judgment of risks and strategize appropriate risk management practices to save the organization when faced with risky situations.  Ã‚  In conclusion, leadership is a quality that an individual must possess, but not limited to fulfilling the individual’s desires, motives, or goals; it is more about taking decisions and doing actions that contribute to the development of business through all people associated with the business.